egkjk"Vz jkT; eq[; ykWVjh fu;e ] 1985
uequk e]jk]]ykW] & 2
fu;e 11 ikp igk
djkjukE;kps izi=
gk djkjukek ,dk i{kh egkjk"Vkps jkT;iky vkf.k nql&;k i{kh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;sFkhy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R;kP;k ukok[kkyh o lacks/kuk[kkyh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P;k Hkkxhnkjhe/;s /kank djr vlysys @T;k daiuhph uksan.kh Hkkjrh; daiuh vf/kfu;e z1913 1913 pk lkr @ daiuh vf/kfu;e z1956 1956 pk ,d ;k vUo;s dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs o ftps uksan.kh dj.;kr vkysys dk;kZy; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;sFks vkgs R;k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~daiuh fy] ;k daiuh rQsZ /kank djr vlysys Jh]]&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;kaps iq= Jh]]@loZJh &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~jgk.kkj~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;kauk ;kiq<s ^^,taV S vls fun'kZys vkgs ] ;k lanHkkZr vxj vFkkZl folaxr ulsy ;k laKsr Lo%r ,taV R;kps okjl eqR;wi= O;oLFkkid o izca/kd R;kaP;kiSdh mRrjftoh O;Drh z 'ksoVP;k mRrjftohpsokjl eqR;wi= O;oLFkkid o izca/kd ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ P;k lnj fi<hps@pk rkRdkfyu Hkkxhnkj @mRrjf/kdkjh ;kapk lekos'k gksbZy ;ke/;s vkt rkjh[k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,dksf.kl'ks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~jksth dj.;kr vkyk vkgs] T;kvFkhZjkT; ykWVjh pkyof.;kpkpk fu.kZ; ?ksmqu z egkjk"Vz 'kklukus ;kr ;kiw<s R;kr ss'kklu Svls lacks/k.;kr vkys vkgs R;kdjhrk vko';d vlysys Segkjk"Vz jkT; eq[; ykWVjh fu;e z1985 S R;kauk ;kiw<s Sfu;e S vls lacks/k.;kr vkys vkgs] r;kj dsys vkgsr o ;k fu;ekUoku;s ykWVjh frdhVs tursyk ossGksosGh fod.;klkBh Bso.;kr ;sbZy ]z vkf.k T;kvFkhZ zv'kk ykWVjh frdhVkaph tursl djko;kph fodzh ok<fo.;klkBh zrhpk izlkj dj.;klkBh o rh lqdj dj.;klkBh ,taV fu;wDr dj.;kpk 'kklukpk ekul vkgs] vk.kh T;kvFkhZR;k fu;eke/;s vfHkizsr vlysyk ,taV Eg.kwu fu;wDrh gks.;klkBh ,taVkus vtZ dsY;koj ;kr ;kiw<s lekfo"V dsysY;k vVh o 'krhZoj ,taVkyk vlk ,taV Eg.kwu fu;wDr dj.;kpk 'kklukus djkj dsyk vkgs] vk.kh T;kvFkhZ fu;ekUo;s vko';d vlY;kizek.ksz ,taVkus # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~jDde ;kiwohZ'kklukdMs Bsoyh rh jDde ;k djkjukE;kpk vaey pkyw vls rksoj rkj.k vuker Eg.kwu o rkj.k vukerhP;k #ikus 'kklukdMs r'khp Bso.;kpk djkj dsyk vkgs] vk.h T;kvFkhZ fu;ekUo;svko';d vlY;kizek.ks ,taVkus #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ph jdde ;kiwohZp 'kklukdms Bsoyh vkgso rh jDde ;k djkjukE;kpk veay pkyw vls rksoj rkj.k vuker Eg.kwuo rkj.k vukerhP;k #ikus 'kklukdMs r'khp Bso.;kpk djkj dsyk vkgs] vk.kh T;kvFkhZ z lnj vekurhoj dks.krsgh O;kt fnys tk.kkj ukgh gs mHk; i{kh ekU; dj.;kr vkys vkgs] vk.kh T;kvFkhZ R;k fu;ekUo;s vko';d vlY;kizek.ks 'kklukdMwu osGksosGh dk<Y;k tko;kP;k izR;sd lksMrh djhrk vkjaHkh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~frdhVs [kjhn.;kpk ,taVkus djkj dsyk vkgs ]z T;kvFkhZ ;k djkjkP;k mHk; i{kkdMwu o mHk; i{kke/;s[kkyhy izek.ks djkj dj.;kr ;sr vkgs%&&&
1 egkjk"Vz'kklukdMwu osGksosGh dk<.;kr ;s.;k&;k ykWVjh frdhVkaph fodzh ok<o.;kdjhrk o rhpk izlkj dj.;kP;k m|s'kkus 'kklukus dk<ysY;k ykWVjh frdhVkaP;k fodzhlkBh egkjk"VkzP;k jkT;ikykauh ;ke/;s lekfo"B vlysY;k vVh o 'krhZoj lnj ,taVkph ,taV Eg.kwu ;k)kjsfu;wDrh dsyh vkgs]
2 gk djkjukek fnukad ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ekgs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ iklwu izFkep ,d o"kkZP;k eqnrhi;Zr veykr jkghy o R;kuarj rks lekihr dsyk tkbZ i;Zr R;kpk vey pkyw jkghy] gk djkjukek o R;kph ,d izr ;kojhy eqnzkad&'kqYdkpk [kpZ 'kklu djhy]
3 gk djkjukek veykr vlrkauk izR;sd lksMrhlkBh 'kklukus dk<ysys izR;sdh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #i;kaph fdeku~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ykWVjh frdhVs lnj ,taVkyk [kjsnh djkoh ykxrhy o R;kph fdear n~;koh ykxsy ] vk.k[kh frdhV [kjhn.;kph tj ,taVkph bPNk vlsy rj R;kus R;kaph fdear pqdrh dsY;koj R;kyk rh 'kklu osGksosGh Bjohy R;k izek.kkr iqjfoyh tkrhy ]lnj frdhVs ,taVkyk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;sFkhy midks"kkxkjkrwu @ftYgk dks"kkxkjkrwu@eaqcbZ e/khy ys[kk o v/khnku dk;kZy;krwu [kjhnkoh ykxrhy]
4 ,taVkus [kjsnh dsysY;k frdhVkaP;k ,dq.k eqY;kaoj 'ksdMk 15 Vdds njkus R;kyk deh'ku feGsy ;klaca/kkr R;kyk ns; o izns; vlysyh deh'kuph jDde R;kus [kjsnh dsysY;k frdhVkaP;k ,dq.k eqY;krwu otk dj.;kpk R;kyk gDd jkghy]
5 oj myysY;kizek.ks lnj ,taVkyk egkjk"VzkP;k jkT;ikykauh ,taV Eg.kwu fu;wDr dsys vlY;keqGs R;kpk ekscnY;kr ,taV Lo%r R;kps okjl eqR;wi+= O;oLFkkid o izc/kad @ rs Lor% R;kps mRrjkf/kdkjh o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P;k lnj QeZps rRdkyhu Hkkxhnkj z rh QeZ o frps mRrjkf/kdkjh ;kaP;korhus egkjk"VzkP;k jkT;ikyka'kh [kkyhy izek.ks djkj djhr vkgs%&
v%+ t'kh o tsOgk 'kklu ykWVjh frdhVs dk<hy zrls o rsOgk ,taV ;sFks vkiyk pkyor vlsy R;k yksdoLrhr loZ= ykWVjh frdhVkaph fodzh ok<o.;klkBh o frpk izpkj dj.;klkBh ;ksX; tkghjkr z izfl/nh o vU; ekxkZuh vkiY;k iz;Rukph ijdk"Bk djhy]]
c% dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhr ,taVkus lnj ykWVjh frdhVs zfrdhVkaP;k fdaerhis{kk vf/kd fdaerhyk fodrk dkek u;sr]
d% 'kklukus fu;qDr dsysY;k dks.kR;kgh O;Drhus@ O;Drhauh ekx.kh dsY;koj ] ,taVkus fu;qDrh izek.ki= ] ys[kk iqLrds o frdhV iqLrds] frP;kdMs @ R;kaP;kdMs rikl.khlkBh o iGrkG.khlkBh nk[ky dsyh ikfgtsr 'kklukus ,taVkyk fnysys fu;wDrh izek.ki= R;kus frdhV fodzhP;k osGh nk[ky dsY;k[ksjht R;kyk dks.krsgh frdhVs fodyh tk.kkj ukghr]
M% ,taVkus ;Fkk'kDrh zbekuhizek.ks o lk{ksikus gk djkj ikGyk ikghts o R;kph veyctko.kh dsyh ikghts vk.kh 'kklukus osGksosGh dk<ysY;k ykWVjh frdhVkph fodzh ok<o.;klkBh o fodzhpk izlkj dj.;klkBh loZ r&gsph mik;;kstuk dsyh ikghts]
bZ% 'kklu vkf.k @ vFkok ;k fu;ekUo;s fu;wDr dj.;kr vkysys jkT; ykWVjh eaMG vFkok 'kklukus fdaok eaMGkus ;k ckcrhr jhrlj izk/khd`r dsysY;k O;Drh ;kaP;kdMwu osGksosGh ts funs'k o vuqns'k dk<.;kr ;srhy rs ,taVkus jhrlj ikj ikMys ikghtsr o ;k fu;eekps vuqikyu dsys ikghts]
Q% ;k vUo;s ,taVkyk tks vf/kdkj gDd fdaok gh lac/k vlsy rks vFkok djkjkpk ykHk ,taV vU; dks.kR;kgh O;Drhyk dks.kR;kgh izdkjs vfHkgLrkdhr fdaok gLrkafdr djrk dkek u;s]
t% ,taVkua fodzhiwohZ izR;sd frdhVkP;k ekxhy cktwoj vkiY;k ukokpk o iRR;kpk vkiyk jcjh f'kDdk ekjyk ikghts]
6 ;k djkjkrhy dks.krkgh i{k nql&;k i{kkl rhu efgus vkxkmq ys[kh ukssfVl nsmqu gk djkj lekihr d# 'kdrs vkf.k uksVhlhph eqnr laiY;koj gk djkj vkiksvki lekfir gksby]
7 dks.krsgh dkj.k nk[kfork egkjk"Vz'kklukyk dks.kR;kgh osGh gk djkj lekfir dj.;kpk gDd jkghy]
8 tj 'kklukP;k ers ,taVyk dke fdaok orZu vlek/kkudkjd ulsy rj fdaok vkiys dke ikj ikMrkauk ,taVkus fu;eckg; xks"Vh dsY;k ulrhy rj dks.krkgh vkxkmq uksfVl u nsrk egkjk"VkzP;k jkT;ikykauk gk djkj lekfir dj.;kpk gDd vkgs ]vkiys vU; vf/kdkj zmik;kstuk o 'kDrh ;kauk ck/kk ;smq u nsrk z 'kklukl rkj.k vukerhph jDde fdaok frpk vko';d vlsy rso<k va'k tIr dj.;kpk vf/kdkj jkghy ] R;kus lk{k Eg.kwu ;k djkj i=kr izkjaHkh oj fygysY;k rkj[ksl o o"khZ egkjk"VkzP;k jkT;ikykauh Lo%r djhrk o Lo%rP;korhus lapkydz zjkT; ykWVjh zeqacbZ @ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ps ftYgkf/kdkjh ;kauk ;k fBdk.kh vkiyh lgh dj.;kl o vkiyh vf/kd`r eqnkz yko.;kl Hkkx ikMys vkgs vkf.k ,taVkus @ ,taV vlysY;k lnj QeZpk Hkkxhnkjkauh ;k fBdkuh vkiyh @vkiY;k lgh @lg;k dsyh vkgs @dsY;k vkgsr o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fyehVsMph lk/kkj.k eqnkz ;k fBdk.kh yko.;kr vkysyh vkgs]
lapkyd jkT; ykWVjh eaqcbZ
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;kauh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ftYgkf/kdkjh
egkjk"Vkzps jkT;iky ;kaP;kdjhrk o R;kaP;k orhus
1] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kaP;k le{k Lok{kjhr d#u Lokf/ku dsys]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~daiuh fyehVsMph lk/kkj.k eqnkz]
lnj daiuhpk lapkyd eaMGkP;k fnukad ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P;k cSBdhr laer dj.;kr vkysY;k Bjkokl vuql#u mifujkehr ,taVkus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k daiuh lapkydkP;k le{k ;k fBdk.kh mDr lk/kkj.k eqnkz ykoyh vkgs vkf.k R;k lapkydkauh gh R;kph lk{k Eg.kwu &&
1] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;kaP;k le{k fBdk.kh vkikiY;k lg~;k dsY;k vkgsr]